See 古い on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "new",
"roman": "atarashii",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
]
],
"translation": "new",
"word": "新しい"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"盛",
"も"
]
],
"translation": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"word": "古い革袋に新しい酒を盛る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"入",
"い"
]
],
"translation": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"word": "新しい酒は古い革袋に入れる"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨puruki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨puruki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/puruki/"
},
"expansion": "/puruki/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/furui/"
},
"expansion": "/furui/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.\nIn turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix), with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.\nThe modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).\n⟨puruki₁⟩ → */puruki/ → /furui/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "古い",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"roman": "furuku",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "furui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "古くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "古さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "furusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "旧い",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "故い",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふるい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ふる",
"lemma": "古",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ふる",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 759",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"roman": "Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"以前",
"いぜん"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"持",
"も"
]
],
"text": "私は以前古いロールスロイスを持っていた。",
"translation": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "I bought an old lamp.",
"roman": "Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"買",
"か"
]
],
"text": "私は古いランプを買った。",
"translation": "I bought an old lamp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old, aged, antiquated"
],
"id": "en-古い-ja-adj-pjgvztGF",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"antiquated",
"antiquated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not of a person) old, aged, antiquated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"not of a person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "person from antiquity",
"roman": "furui hito",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "古い人",
"translation": "person from antiquity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "an old friend (who has been a friend from a long time ago)",
"roman": "furui tomodachi",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"友達",
"ともだち"
]
],
"text": "古い友達",
"translation": "an old friend (who has been a friend from a long time ago)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from a long time ago"
],
"id": "en-古い-ja-adj-1KlpXLVj",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) from a long time ago"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふるい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟i]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "古い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "new",
"roman": "atarashii",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
]
],
"translation": "new",
"word": "新しい"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 古 read as ふる",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"盛",
"も"
]
],
"translation": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"word": "古い革袋に新しい酒を盛る"
},
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"入",
"い"
]
],
"translation": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"word": "新しい酒は古い革袋に入れる"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨puruki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨puruki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/puruki/"
},
"expansion": "/puruki/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/furui/"
},
"expansion": "/furui/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.\nIn turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix), with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.\nThe modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).\n⟨puruki₁⟩ → */puruki/ → /furui/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "古い",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"roman": "furuku",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "furui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "古くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "古さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "furusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "旧い",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "故い",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふるい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ふる",
"lemma": "古",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ふる",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 759",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"roman": "Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"以前",
"いぜん"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"持",
"も"
]
],
"text": "私は以前古いロールスロイスを持っていた。",
"translation": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "I bought an old lamp.",
"roman": "Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"買",
"か"
]
],
"text": "私は古いランプを買った。",
"translation": "I bought an old lamp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old, aged, antiquated"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"antiquated",
"antiquated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not of a person) old, aged, antiquated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"not of a person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "person from antiquity",
"roman": "furui hito",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "古い人",
"translation": "person from antiquity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "an old friend (who has been a friend from a long time ago)",
"roman": "furui tomodachi",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"友達",
"ともだち"
]
],
"text": "古い友達",
"translation": "an old friend (who has been a friend from a long time ago)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from a long time ago"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) from a long time ago"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふるい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟i]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "古い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 古い meaning in All languages combined (14.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.